Barbados first appears on a Spanish map from 1511; historians believe Spanish sailors may have visited earlier still. The Portuguese arrived in 1536 but left it unclaimed. The first English ship, the Olive Blossom, arrived in 1624 and took possession of the island for England.
Barbados grew into one of Britain's most valuable sugar colonies, worked by enslaved Africans on plantations that still shape the island's architecture and place names today. It became fully independent on 30 November 1966, remaining a Commonwealth realm with the British monarch as head of state for the next 55 years.
On 30 November 2021, Barbados transitioned to a parliamentary republic, replacing the monarch with an elected president as head of state — Dame Sandra Mason became the country's first president that day. She was succeeded by President Jeffrey Bostic on 30 November 2025.
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